The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate - Sagan, Scott Douglas; Waltz, Kenneth N. Review & Synopsis

 Synopsis

 A long-time staple of International Relations courses, this new edition continues the important discussion of nuclear proliferation, while looking at the regions and issues now at the forefront of the nuclear question. 

 Over the past fifteen years, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons has been a staple in International Relations courses because of its brevity and crystal-clear explanations. The new edition, An Enduring Debate, continues the important discussion of nuclear proliferation and the dangers of a nuclear-armed world. With new chapters on the questions surrounding a nuclear North Korea, Iran, and Iraq and the potential for a world free of nuclear weapons, this Third Edition will continue to generate a lively classroom experience.

Review

 Scott D. Sagan is professor of political science at Stanford University and codirector of the Center for International Security and Cooperation. He is the author of The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons and Moving Targets: Nuclear Strategy and National Security.

 Kenneth N. Waltz is Emeritus Ford Professor of Political Science at the University of California at Berkeley and senior research associate at Columbia University's Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies. His books include Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis and Theory of International Politics.

"This book is a lively and genuine dialogue between two leading authorities on an issue of great importance for both scholarship and public policy."

 - Robert Jervis, Columbia University 

"This important book clearly and succinctly lays out the opposing views on whether nuclear proliferation makes the world more or less peaceful. . . . I can't think of a better book to recommend on the ABCs of nuclear proliferation."

 - John J. Mearsheimer, University of Chicago 

The Spread of Nuclear Weapons

In The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, professors Waltz and Sagan resume their well-known dialogue concerning nuclear proliferation and the threat of nuclear war.

In The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, professors Waltz and Sagan resume their well-known dialogue concerning nuclear proliferation and the threat of nuclear war."

The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy

For decades, the reigning scholarly wisdom about nuclear weapons policy has been that the United States only needs the ability to absorb an enemy nuclear attack and still be able to respond with a devastating counterattack. So long as the US, or any other nation, retains such an assured retaliation capability, no sane leader would intentionally launch a nuclear attack against it, and nuclear deterrence will hold. According to this theory, possessing more weapons than necessary for a second-strike capability is illogical. This argument is reasonable, but, when compared to the empirical record, it raises an important puzzle. Empirically, we see that the United States has always maintained a nuclear posture that is much more robust than a mere second-strike capability. In The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy, Matthew Kroenig challenges the conventional wisdom and explains why a robust nuclear posture, above and beyond a mere second-strike capability, contributes to a state's national security goals. In fact, when a state has a robust nuclear weapons force, such a capability reduces its expected costs in a war, provides it with bargaining leverage, and ultimately enhances nuclear deterrence. This book provides a novel theoretical explanation for why military nuclear advantages translate into geopolitical advantages. In so doing, it helps resolve one of the most-intractable puzzles in international security studies. Buoyed by an innovative thesis and a vast array of historical and quantitative evidence, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy will force scholars to reconsider their basic assumptions about the logic of nuclear deterrence.

 Sagan , Scott Douglas , and Kenneth N . Waltz . The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate . 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 2013. Sample, Susan G. “Arms Race and Dispute Escalation: Resolving the Debate.” Journal of Peace Research 30, no."

The New US Security Agenda

War, nuclear weapons, and terrorism are all major threats to US security, but a new set of emerging threats are challenging the current threat response apparatus and our ability to come up with creative and effective solutions. This book considers new, 'non-traditional' security issues such as: transnational organized crime, immigration and border security, cybersecurity, countering violent extremism and terrorism, environmental and energy security, as well as the rise of external actors. The work examines the major challenges and trends in security and explores the policy responses of the U.S. government. By using international relations theory as an analytical approach, Fonseca and Rosen present how these security threats have evolved over time.

 Sagan , Scott Douglas , and Kenneth N . Waltz . 2012. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate . 3rd ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. Seara Vázquez, Modesto. 1995. La Hora Decisiva: Análisis de la crisis global. 3rd ed."

Civilizational Discourses in Weapons Control

This book seeks to decolonize practices of arms control and disarmament. In this endeavor it seeks to problematize our understanding of time and civilization as rhetorical resources. The need for such an undertaking can be premised on the claim that while problems of modernity, ethnocentrism and universalism are now a central concern within the field of international relations, these ideas are scarcely debated or contested within the field of arms control and disarmament. The singular focus on technological innovations and specific policy-oriented agreements in practices of arms control and disarmament appears to stymie the need for such engagements. This book is an invitation to explore intersecting discourses on colonialism, racialism, nationalism and humanitarianism within a historically grounded terrain of weapons control. An understanding of these practices is vital not to prescribe any standards of civilization or exceptionalism in weapons control but to be cognizant through critique of the dangers embedded in any effort at reconstellating the constitutional nuclear order.

Ruhle, Michael. “Enlightenment in the second nuclear age,” International Affairs 83, no.3 (2007): 511–522. Sagan , Scott Douglas , and Kenneth N . Waltz . The spread of nuclear weapons : an enduring debate . New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 2013."

Thinking about the Unthinkable in a Highly Proliferated World

This study explores how a world with numerous nuclear states might function and what it would mean for our present conceptions of deterrence, for the place of the United States in the international order, and for international order itself.

6 Scott Douglas Sagan and Kenneth N . Waltz , The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate , 3rd ed. (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2012), 4. 7 Mitchell B. Reiss, “The Nuclear Tipping Point: Prospects for a World of Many Nuclear ..."

Legal and Rhetorical Foundations of Economic Globalization

This book examines the subtle ways in which rhetorics of sacrifice have been re-appropriated into the workings of the global political economy in the 21st century. It presents an in-depth analysis of the ways in which ritual practices are deployed, under a diverse set of political and legal contexts, as legitimation devices in rendering exploitative structures of the prevailing political-economic system to appear inescapable, or even palatable. To this end, this work explores the deeper rhetorical and legal basis of late-capitalist governmentality by critically interrogating its mythical and ritual dimensions. The analysis gives due consideration to the contemporary incarnations of ritual sacrifice in the transnational neoliberal discourse: from those exploitative yet inescapable contractual obligations, to calendrical multi-billion dollar 'offerings' to the insatiable needs of 'too-big-to-fail' corporations. The first part of the book provides a working interpretative framework for understanding the politics of ritual sacrifice – one that not only accommodates multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary knowledge of ritual practices, but that can also be employed in the integrated analysis of sacrificial rituals as political rhetoric under divergent historical and societal contexts. The second conducts a series of case studies that cut across the wide variability of ritual public takings in late-capitalism. The book concludes by highlighting several key common doctrines of public ritual sacrifice which have been broadly observed in its case studies. These common doctrines tend to reflect the rhetorical and legal foundations for public takings under hegemonic market-driven governance. They define 'appropriate and proper' occasions for suspending pre-existing legal protections to regularize otherwise transgressive transfers of rights and possessions for the 'greater good' of the economic order.

“National Diabetes Surveillance System” published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ... Sagan , Scott Douglas and Kenneth N . Waltz . The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate . 3rd ed."

The Future of America: Some Topics to Consider

America is at a tipping point. What is done from here on in will determine our future as a nation and as a model for the world. Our freedom and independence depends on the rational decisions that are made to advance our cultural, physical and societal environments,

Ruddiman, William F. Earth's Climate: Past and Future. New York City: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2008. Sagan , Scott Douglas and Kenneth N . Waltz . The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate . New York City: W. W. Norton & Company, ..."

Preventing Black Market Trade in Nuclear Technology

Leading experts provide a comprehensive examination of global efforts to prevent nuclear proliferation by blocking the illicit supply of key technologies.

 nuclear weapons would mean less chance of major war.8 Peter Griffin, for example, says that he told investigators: ... Kenneth Waltz , see Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N . Waltz , The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : An Enduring Debate , 3rd edn."

Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation

The chapters of this proposed volume are intended to shed light on the diverse themes surrounding this very important issue area in international security. Each of the six major sections addresses an aspect of nuclear proliferation that will be critical in determining the future trajectory of global politics in the years to come. The first section examines the major thematic issues underlying the contemporary discourse on nuclear proliferation. How do we understand this period in proliferation? What accounts for a taboo on the use of nuclear weapons so far and will it survive? What is the present state of nuclear deterrence models built during the Cold War? What is the relationship between the pursuit of civilian nuclear energy and the risks of proliferation? Why are we witnessing a move away from non-proliferation to counter-proliferation? The second section gives an overview of the evolving nuclear policies of the five established nuclear powers: the USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and the People's Republic of China. Section three looks at the three de facto nuclear states: India, Pakistan and Israel. The fourth section examines the three problem areas in the proliferation matrix today – Iran, North Korea and the potent mix of non-state actors and nuclear weapons. The fifth section sheds light on an important issue often ignored during discussions of nuclear proliferation – cases where states have made a deliberate policy choice of either renouncing their nuclear weapons programme, or have decided to remain a threshold state. The cases of South Africa, Egypt and Japan will be the focus of this section. The final section will examine the present state of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, which most observers agree is currently facing a crisis of credibility. The three pillars of this regime – the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT) – will be examined. This is followed by an analysis of the present trends and prospects for US-Russia nuclear arms control. The impact of missile defenses and the US-India civilian nuclear energy co-operation pact will be examined so as to ascertain whether they have weakened or strengthened the global non-proliferation regime. The chapters in this volume aim to document the increasing complexity of the global nuclear proliferation dynamic and the inability of the international community to come to terms with a rapidly changing strategic milieu. The future, in all likelihood, will be very different from the past, and the chapters in this volume will try to develop a framework that may help gain a better understanding of the forces that will shape the nuclear proliferation debate in the years to come. Proposed Contents Introduction – Overview Part 1: Thematic Issues The Second Nuclear Age The Nuclear Taboo Nuclear Deterrence Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation Non-Proliferation and Counter Proliferation Non-State Actors and Nuclear Weapons Part 2: The Five Nuclear Powers USA Russia United Kingdom France People's Republic of China Part 3: De Facto Nuclear States India Pakistan Israel Part 4: The ‘Problem’ States Iran North Korea Part 5: The ‘Threshold’ States South Africa Japan Egypt Part 6: The Global Non-Proliferation Regime The NPT The CTBT The FMCT US-Russia Nuclear Arms Control The Impact of Missile Defenses The US-India Nuclear Deal The Future: What It May Hold In Store Conclusion

3–46. 16 Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N . Waltz , The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : A Debate (New York: Norton, 1995). 17 Scott D. Sagan , 'Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons ?,' International Security, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Winter 1996/97), pp."

South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma

The nuclear test explosions in India and Pakistan in 1998, followed by the outbreak of hostilities over Kashmir in 1999, marked a frightening new turn in the ancient, bitter enmity between the two nations. Although the tension was eclipsed by the events of 9/11 and the subsequent American attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq, it has not disappeared, as evidenced by the 2001 attack in the Indian Parliament by Islamic fundamentalists out of Kashmir. By 2002, these two nuclear-armed neighbors seemed to be once again on the brink of war. This book outlines the strategic structure of the rivalry and the dynamic forces driving it, and investigates various possible solutions. The expert contributors focus on the India-Pakistan rivalry, but also consider the China factor in South Asia's nuclear security dilemma. Although essentially political-strategic in its approach, the book includes coverage of opposing military arsenals and the impact of local terrorism on the delicate balance of power.

 Proliferation pessimists examine the U.S. experience and utilize organizational theory to assess the dangers of nuclear deployment . Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N . Waltz , The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : A Debate ( New York : W.W. Norton ..."

Complex Rivalry

While a substantial body of research explains how the conflict between India and Pakistan originated and developed over time, a systematic and multivariate inquiry cutting across different IR paradigms to understand this rivalry is rare or limited. Surinder Mohan contributes to the understanding of India and Pakistan’s rivalry by presenting a new type of framework, also known as complex rivalry model. This comprehensive model, by not limiting its theoretical tool-kit to any single paradigm, is unique in its approach and better positioned to debate and answer baffling questions that the single-paradigm-based studies address rather inadequately and in isolation. This book, through an examination of fifty-seven militarized disputes between 1947 and 2021, explains the life cycle of India-Pakistan rivalry in four phases: initiation; development; maintenance; and a possible transformation/termination. Mohan delineates five specific conditions that evolved the subcontinental conflict into a complex rivalry: first, its survival in spite of the Bangladesh War and the end of the Cold War; second, its linkage with other rivalries; third, the inclusion of nuclear factor; fourth, the dyadic stability in the militarized disputes and hostility level despite changes in the regime type; and fifth, the dyad’s involvement in a multilayered conflict pattern. To break this deadlock and mitigate their longstanding differences, Mohan proposes that India and Pakistan must reframe their national priorities and political goals so that the new situation or combinations of conditions would assist their peace strategists to downgrade the dyadic hostility and implement risky policies to make headway to a promising transformation.

 Waltz , Kenneth N . (1981), “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons : More May Be Better,” Adelphi Papers 21(171): 1–32. Waltz , Kenneth N . (2003a), “More May Be Better,” in Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N . Waltz (eds.) ..."

Rekam jejak kebangsaan Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja

Biography of Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, a professor maritime law and diplomat from Indonesia.

Biography of Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, a professor of maritime law and diplomat from Indonesia."

Gerakan rakyat melawan elite

Political conditions in Indonesia post the Soeharto government.

Political conditions in Indonesia post the Soeharto government."

Nusantara & ALKI, alur laut Kepulauan Indonesia)

On legal aspects of archipelagic sea lanes of Indonesia.

On legal aspects of archipelagic sea lanes of Indonesia."

Diplomasi lingkungan

On diplomacy concerning environmental management issues.

On diplomacy concerning environmental management issues."

Studi strategi

On military policy and national development in Indonesia.

On military policy and national development in Indonesia."

Hukum perjanjian internasional

Study and implementation of international agreements in Indonesia.

Study and implementation of international agreements in Indonesia."

Tanah dan pembangunan

Land appropriation and land-use; legal aspects.

Land appropriation and land-use; legal aspects."